ASTM A334/A334M Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for Low-Temperature Service.

ASTM A334/A334M低溫用無縫和焊接碳鋼和合金鋼管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范。

ASTM A334 specification covers standard specification for several grades of minimum-wall-thickness, seamless and welded, carbon and alloy-steel tubes intended for use at low temperatures. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt, and molybdenum. The number of tubes in a heat-treatment lot shall be determined from the size of the tubes. The tubes shall have a hardness number that does not exceed the prescribed Rockwell and Brinell hardness values. Several grades of steel shall conform to the following tensile properties: tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. For Grades 1, 3, 6, 7, and 9, the notch-bar impact properties of each set of three impact specimens, including specimens for the welded joint in welded pipe, shall not be less than the prescribed values. Several mechanical tests shall be conducted, namely: flattening test; flare test (seamless tubes); flange test (welded tubes); reverse flattening test; hardness test; and impact tests. Hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test shall also be performed. Materials shall be tested for impact resistance at the prescribed temperature for the respective grades. Impact temperature reduction values shall be by any amount equal to the difference between the temperature reduction corresponding to the actual material thickness and the temperature reduction corresponding to Charpy specimen width actually tested.

ASTM A334規(guī)范涵蓋了用于低溫的幾種等級的最小壁厚無縫和焊接碳和合金鋼管的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范。鋼應(yīng)符合碳、錳、磷、硫、硅、鎳、鉻、銅、鈷和鉬所需的化學(xué)成分。熱處理批次中的管子數(shù)量應(yīng)根據(jù)管子的尺寸確定。管子的硬度值不得超過規(guī)定的洛氏和布氏硬度值。幾種等級的鋼應(yīng)符合以下拉伸性能：抗拉強度、屈服強度和伸長率。對于1、3、6、7和9級，每組三個沖擊試樣（包括焊接管焊接接頭試樣）的缺口棒沖擊性能不得低于規(guī)定值。應(yīng)進(jìn)行多項機械試驗，即：壓扁試驗；火炬試驗（無縫管）；法蘭試驗（焊接管）；反向壓扁試驗；硬度試驗；以及沖擊試驗。還應(yīng)進(jìn)行靜水壓或無損電試驗。應(yīng)在規(guī)定溫度下測試各等級材料的抗沖擊性。沖擊溫度降低值應(yīng)等于實際材料厚度對應(yīng)的溫度降低與實際測試的夏比試樣寬度對應(yīng)的溫度減少之間的差值。

Scope范圍

1.1 This specification2 covers several grades of minimum-wall-thickness, seamless and welded, carbon and alloy-steel tubes intended for use at low temperatures. Some product sizes may not be available under this specification because heavier wall thicknesses have an adverse affect on low-temperature impact properties.

1.1本規(guī)范2涵蓋了用于低溫的幾種最小壁厚等級的無縫和焊接碳和合金鋼管。根據(jù)本規(guī)范，某些產(chǎn)品尺寸可能不可用，因為較厚的壁厚會對低溫沖擊性能產(chǎn)生不利影響。

1.2 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature is provided. This shall apply only when specified by the purchaser.

1.2提供了可選性質(zhì)的補充要求S1。這僅適用于買方指定的情況。

NOTE 1: For tubing smaller than 1/2  in. [12.7 mm] in outside diameter, the elongation values given for strip specimens in Table 1 shall apply. Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1/8  in. [3.2 mm] in outside diameter and with a wall thickness under 0.015 in. [0.4 mm].

注1：對于外徑小于1/2英寸[12.7毫米]的管子，表1中給出的條形試樣伸長率值應(yīng)適用。機械性能要求不適用于外徑小于1/8英寸[3.2毫米]、壁厚小于0.015英寸[0.4毫米]的管子。

1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.

1.3以英寸-磅單位或國際單位表示的值應(yīng)單獨視為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值。在文本中，國際單位制顯示在括號中。每個系統(tǒng)中所述的值不是完全等效的；因此，每個系統(tǒng)都必須獨立使用。結(jié)合兩個系統(tǒng)的值可能會導(dǎo)致不符合規(guī)范。除非訂單中指定了本規(guī)范的“M”名稱，否則應(yīng)采用英寸-磅單位。

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.4本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并不旨在解決與其使用相關(guān)的所有安全問題（如有）。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的使用者有責(zé)任在使用前建立適當(dāng)?shù)陌踩?、健康和環(huán)境實踐，并確定監(jiān)管限制的適用性。

1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

1.5本國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是根據(jù)世界貿(mào)易組織技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘委員會發(fā)布的《關(guān)于制定國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、指南和建議的原則的決定》中確立的國際公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化原則制定的。

What is ASTM A333 Grade 6 pipe equivalent to?  ASTM A333 6級管道相當(dāng)于什么？

ASTM A333 Grade 6 pipe is equivalent to several international standards including EN/DIN 10216-2, BS 3059 Part 2, and ASME SA-106.

ASTM A333 6級管道相當(dāng)于幾個國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包括EN/DIN 10216-2、BS 3059第2部分和ASME SA-106。

ASTM A334 / ASME SA334 Grade 6 Chemical Compositions  ASTM A334/ASME SA334 6級化學(xué)成分

Mechanical Tests Required所需的機械測試

Maximum Hardness Number最大硬度值

A334 GR.6 Impact requirements A334 GR.6撞擊要求

A334 GR.6 Impact Temperature Reduction: A334 GR.6沖擊溫度降低：

Other Mechanical tests as follows:其他機械測試如下：

l  Flattening Test One flattening test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube of each lot.

l壓扁試驗——應(yīng)對每批成品管兩端的試樣進(jìn)行一次壓扁試驗。

l  Flare Test (Seamless Tubes) One flare test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube of each lot.

l擴(kuò)口試驗（無縫管）應(yīng)對每批成品管兩端的試樣進(jìn)行一次擴(kuò)口試驗。

l  Flange Test (Welded Tubes) One flange test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube of each lot.

l法蘭試驗（焊接管）應(yīng)對每批成品管兩端的試樣進(jìn)行一次法蘭試驗。

l  Reverse Flattening Test For welded tubes, one re- verse flattening test shall be made on a specimen from each 1500 ft [460 m] of finished tubing.

l反向壓扁試驗對于焊接管，應(yīng)在每1500英尺[460米]成品管的試樣上進(jìn)行一次反向壓扁試驗。

l  Hardness Test Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes from each lot (Note 3).

l硬度試驗——應(yīng)對每批兩根管子的試樣進(jìn)行布氏或洛氏硬度試驗（注3）。

l  Impact Tests One notched-bar impact test, consisting of breaking three specimens, shall be made from each heat represented in a heat-treatment load on specimens taken from the finished tube.

l沖擊試驗——從成品管中取出的試樣，在熱處理載荷中代表的每一爐進(jìn)行一次缺口棒材沖擊試驗，包括斷裂三個試樣。

ASTM A334 / ASME SA334 GR.6 tubes Hydrostatic or NDT test

ASTM A334/ASME SA334 GR.6管靜水壓或無損檢測試驗

Each A334 GR.6 tube shall be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or the hydrostatic test. The type of test to be used shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order.

每根A334 GR.6管應(yīng)進(jìn)行無損電氣試驗或水壓試驗。除非采購訂單中另有規(guī)定，否則制造商應(yīng)選擇使用的測試類型。

Heat Treatment熱處理

All A334 GR.6 seamless and welded tubes, other than Grades 8 and 11, shall be treated to control their microstructure in Accor- dance with one of the following methods:

除8級和11級外，所有A334 GR.6無縫和焊接管應(yīng)采用以下方法之一進(jìn)行處理，以控制其在雅高的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)：

• Normalize by heating to a uniform temperature of not less than 1550°F [845°C] and cool in air or in the cooling chamber of an atmosphere-controlled furnace.
• 通過加熱至不低于1550°F[845°C]的均勻溫度進(jìn)行正火，并在空氣中或氣氛控制爐的冷卻室中冷卻。
• Normalize as in standard 10.1.1, and, at the discretion of the manufacturer, reheat to a suitable tempering temperature.
• 按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)10.1.1進(jìn)行正火處理，并由制造商決定重新加熱至合適的回火溫度。 
• For the seamless process only, reheat and control hot working and the temperature of the hot-finishing operation to a finishing temperature range from 1550 to 1750°F [845 to 955°C] and cool in a controlled atmosphere furnace from an initial temperature of not less than 1550°F [845°C].
• 僅適用于無縫工藝，將熱加工和熱精加工操作的溫度重新加熱并控制在1550至1750°F[845至955°C]的精加工溫度范圍內(nèi)，并在可控氣氛爐中從初始溫度不低于1550°F[845]冷卻。
• Treat as in 6.1.3 and, at the discretion of the manufacturer, reheat to a suitable tempering temperature.
• 按照6.1.3進(jìn)行處理，并由制造商決定重新加熱至合適的回火溫度。

Referenced Documents參考文件

• A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• A 370鋼制品機械試驗的試驗方法和定義
• A 450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes3
• A 450/A450M碳、鐵素體合金和奧氏體合金鋼管的一般要求規(guī)范3
• E 23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials5
• E 23金屬材料缺口沖擊試驗的試驗方法5

Ordering Information訂購信息

ASTM ASME A/SA334 GR.6 Seamless Tubes Orders for material under this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the material adequately:

ASTM ASME A/SA334 GR.6本規(guī)范下材料的無縫管訂單應(yīng)按要求包括以下內(nèi)容，以充分描述材料：

• Quantity (feet, centimeters, or number of lengths), 
• 數(shù)量（英尺、厘米或長度），
• Name of material (seamless or welded pipe),
• 材料名稱（無縫或焊接管），
• Grade
• 等級
• Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),
• 尺寸（外徑和最小壁厚），
• Length (specific or random)
• 長度（特定或隨機）
• Optional requirements, (other temperatures, Section 13; hydrostatic or electric test, Section 15),
• 可選要求（其他溫度，第13節(jié)；靜水壓或電氣試驗，第15節(jié)），
• Test report required, (Certification Section of Specification A 450/A 450M),
• 需要測試報告（規(guī)范A 450/A 450M的認(rèn)證部分），
• Specification designation,
• 規(guī)格名稱，
• Special requirements and any supplementary requirements selected.
• 特殊要求和選擇的任何補充要求。

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The most important and desired changes in alloy steel are合金鋼最重要和最理想的變化是

Alloy steels are made by combining carbon steel with one or several alloying elements, such as manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium and aluminum. These metals are added to produce specific properties that are not found in regular carbon steel. The elements are added in varying proportions (or combinations) making the material take on different aspects such as increased hardness, increased corrosion resistance, increased strength, improved formability (ductility); the weldability can also change.

合金鋼是通過將碳鋼與一種或多種合金元素（如錳、硅、鎳、鈦、銅、鉻和鋁）結(jié)合而制成的。添加這些金屬是為了產(chǎn)生普通碳鋼中沒有的特定性能。這些元素以不同的比例（或組合）添加，使材料具有不同的方面，如增加的硬度、增加的耐腐蝕性、增加的強度、改善的可成形性（延展性）；可焊性也會改變。

• Increased hardenability.
• 提高淬透性
• Increased corrosion resistance.
• 提高耐腐蝕性。
• Retention of hardness and strength.
• 保持硬度和強度。
• Nearly all alloy steels require heat treatment in order to bring out their best properties.
• 幾乎所有的合金鋼都需要熱處理才能發(fā)揮其最佳性能。

Alloying Elements & Their Effects合金元素及其作用

• Chromium – Adds hardness. Increased toughness and wear resistance.
• 鉻——增加硬度。增加韌性和耐磨性。
• Cobalt – Used in making cutting tools; improved Hot Hardness (or Red Hardness).
• 鈷——用于制造切削工具；提高了熱硬度（或紅硬度）。
• Manganese – Increases surface hardness. Improves resistance to strain, hammering & shocks.
• 錳–增加表面硬度。提高抗應(yīng)變、抗錘擊和抗沖擊性。
• Molybdenum – Increases strength. Improves resistance to shock and heat.
• 鉬-增加強度。提高抗沖擊性和耐熱性。
• Nickel – Increases strength & toughness. Improves corrosion resistance.
• 鎳-增加強度和韌性。提高耐腐蝕性。
• Tungsten – Adds hardness and improves grain structure. Provides improved heat resistance.
• 鎢–增加硬度并改善晶粒結(jié)構(gòu)。提供更好的耐熱性。
• Vanadium – Increases strength, toughness and shock resistance. Improved corrosion resistance.
• 釩——增加強度、韌性和抗沖擊性。提高了耐腐蝕性。
• Chromium-Vanadium – Greatly improved tensile strength. It is hard but easy to bend and cut.
• 鉻釩——大大提高了抗拉強度。它很硬，但很容易彎曲和切割。